Tiếp Đầu Ngữ

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A. With the meaning ' not'

prefixes can be added to some words to give them a negative meaning

happy --------> unhappy

possible-------> impossible

correct--------> incorrect

like -----------> dislike (v)

legal ----------> illegal (=against the law/wrong)

regular---------> irregular

un- is most common, e.g unfriendly, unable, unusual, unnecessary, unemployed (=without a job), untidy (= not in order; also, in a mess) , unkind, unpleasant (= horrible).

in- is often used before words with a Latin origin, e.g invisible (=cannot be seen), informal, inadequate (= not good enough, e.g. The car park is inadequate for a big supermarket like that)

im- is used before some words beginning with 'm' or 'p', e.g. impolite, impossible, impatient (someone who is 'impatient' wants things to happen now; they cannot wait for things), immoral

il- can be used before 'L', e.g. illegible (= impossile to read because the writing is bad)

ir- is only used before a few words beginning with 'r', e.g. irresponsible ( vô trách nhiệm)

dis- is used before some adjectives, e.g. dishonest ( a 'dishonest' person is someone you cannot trust, and often does not tell truth), and a few werbs, e.g. dislike, disagree

B. Verb prefixes : un- and dis-

With some verbs, these prefixes can also mean ' the oppsite of an action'

The plan appeared in the sky , then suddenly disappeared behind a cloud.

I locked the door when i left, but then I lost the key and could'nt unlock it when I got back.

I got dressed (=put on my clothes) and had my breakfast.

I got undressed (= took off my clothes) and got into bed.

I had to pack my suitcase/do my packing (=put everything in it) very quickly, so when I unpacked (= took things out) at the hotel, most of my clothes looked terrible.

C. Other verb prefixes with specific meanings ( nghĩa cụ thể)

re- (=again)

The shop closed down but it'll reopen next month.
I failed my exam but I can retake/redo it next year

over- (=too much)

My boss is overdoing it at the moment (=working too hard)
I went to bed very late and i overslept (= slept too long) this morning.
The shop assistant overcharged me. (= asked me for too much money)

mis- (=badly or incorrectly)

I'm afraid I misunderstood what he said.
Two of the students misread the first question.