LIÊN TỪ (Conjunctions) [tiếp]

4. Những liên từ phụ thuộc (chính phụ):

Những liên từ phụ thuộc:

FOR

Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard.



WHEREAS

Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.

Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it.



WHILE

Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work.

Don't talk while you eat.



BESIDES, MOREOVER

Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention

to physical exercise.

He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the window.

SO

Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students.

It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night.



HENCE

Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book.

He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson.



- Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ):

a. Thời gian (Time):



AFTER

Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard.

The ship was checked carefully after she had been built.



AS

Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six.

They left as the bell rang..



AS SOON AS

Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home.

They will get married as soon as they finish university.



BEFORE

Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd.

He talks as if he were very wise.

.

Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick.



AS LONG AS

Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends.

I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back.



UNTIL

Ví dụ: People do not know the value of health until they lose it.



WHEN

Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes.



WHILE

Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines.

Step while you dance.



b. Nơi chốn (Places):

WHERE

Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I do my homework.





WHEREVER

Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes.

I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me.



c. Thể cách (Manner):

AS

Ví dụ: Do as I told you to do.



AS IF

Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her.

He dances as if he were a professional dancer.



d. So sánh (Comparisons):

AS

Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brither.

This bag is as expensive as that one.



THAN

Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister.

She looks fatter than his friend.



e. Lí do (Reasons):

AS

Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games.



BECAUSE

Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard.

I didn't meet her because she had left earlier.



SINCE

Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times.





f. Mục đích (Purposes):

THAT

Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life.



SO THAT

Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus.



IN ORDER THAT

Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France.



g. Điều kiện (Conditions) :

IF

Ví dụ: I will phoe number.



UNLESS (IF NOT)

Ví dụ: you will be late unless you set off now.

Unless you work hard, you will not pass the eams.



PROVIDED THAT

Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault.

You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket..



IN CASE

Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains.

Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost.



h. Sự tương phản, trái ngược:

ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH

Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her.



AS

Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy.



EVEN IF

Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late.



NOT WITH STANDING THAT

Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard.